Efectos del ayuno intermitente sobre el metabolismo, la función cognitiva y el envejecimiento: una revisión de estudios en humanos y animales
Investigación Originales
Erik Cubeles-Juberias, Laura Herrero, María del Mar Romero
Organismos colaboradores:
This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN/AEI) (PID2020-114953RB-C21 to LH, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund [ERDF]), the Biomedical Research Centre in Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grant CB06/03/0001 to LH), the Merck Health Foundation (to LH), the Government of Catalonia (2021SGR00367 to LH).
Vol. 13, Núm. 3 (2023): Diciembre 2023
Resumen:
La obesidad tiene un impacto significativo en la sociedad; sin embargo, existen pocas estrategias de tratamiento eficientes a largo plazo disponibles. La popularidad del ayuno intermitente (AI) frente a la restricción calórica ha aumentado debido a su estrategia menos severa de modificar sólo el patrón de alimentación y no restringir el total de calorías ingeridas. Los estudios clínicos sobre AI han tenido limitaciones y tendieron a centrarse únicamente en la pérdida de peso corporal, por lo que se requieren estudios controlados en animales para establecer las bases fisiológicas de AI. La presente revisión se centra en los efectos del AI como un nuevo enfoque potencial para perder peso, incluidos sus efectos sobre el metabolismo, la función cognitiva y el envejecimiento. Se ha demostrado que el AI reduce eficazmente el peso corporal y la resistencia a la insulina mediante una mejora en el metabolismo de los lípidos, la inflamación, la función cognitiva y la neurodegeneración. Las investigaciones futuras deberían incluir estudios con animales de experimentación para dilucidar los mecanismos implicados. También serán necesarios estudios en humanos a largo plazo para determinar qué forma de AI es la más beneficiosa, así como sus efectos a largo plazo.
Palabras Clave:
ayuno intermitente, glucosa, ácidos grasos, obesidad, sobrepeso, inflamación, roedores, pérdida de peso
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